Rheumatoid arthritis
RA
Autoimmune conditionThe immune system attacks the lining of the joints, causing painful swelling that can damage cartilage and bone if untreated.
What happens
The inflamed joint lining thickens and releases substances that wear away cartilage and bone. RA usually affects the same joints on both sides of the body, often starting in the hands, wrists, and feet. It's a whole-body disease that can also affect the eyes, lungs, and blood vessels.
Who gets it
RA is two to three times more common in women and often starts between 30 and 60. Smoking and family history raise the risk.
Common signs
- Pain, swelling, and warmth in the hands, wrists, or feet
- Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
- The same joints affected on both sides
- Fatigue or a low-grade fever
- Firm lumps under the skin near joints
- Dry eyes and mouth
Labs to ask about
- Rheumatoid factor (RF)
- Anti-CCP antibodies
- ESR and CRP (inflammation markers)
- Complete blood count
- X-ray or ultrasound of the hands and feet
How it's usually treated
- Disease-modifying medicines such as methotrexate, started early to prevent joint damage
- Biologic or targeted medicines
- Short courses of steroids or anti-inflammatories for flares
- Physical and occupational therapy
Supportive steps to discuss with your provider
- Get evaluated early. Joint damage can start within the first year.
- Stop smoking.
- Mediterranean-style eating, and omega-3s, may modestly ease joint pain.
- Keep moving with gentle exercise and strength training.
- Check vitamin D and bone health.
See a doctor promptly if you have
- Joint swelling that lasts more than 6 weeks
- Morning stiffness that lasts more than 30 minutes
- A single hot, very swollen joint with fever: get same-day care (possible infection)
- Shortness of breath or a persistent dry cough
Related conditions
Lupus
A whole-body autoimmune disease that can inflame the skin, joints, kidneys, blood, heart, lungs, and brain.
Learn more →Sjögren's disease
The immune system targets the glands that make tears and saliva, causing lasting dryness. It can also affect joints, nerves, and other organs.
Learn more →Psoriasis & psoriatic arthritis
An immune-mediated condition in which skin cells build up too quickly, forming thick, scaly patches. Up to about 1 in 3 people with psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis.
Learn more →
Wondering if your symptoms fit a pattern?
Dr. Lesher is a naturopathic doctor who specializes in women's autoimmune and chronic conditions. Since 2020, she has helped more than 900 patients overcome and heal from their conditions.